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Oracle SQL & PL/SQL

Oracle SQL & PL/SQL
  • Fee: 2500
  • Timing: 2.5 Hours Per Day
  • Duration: 2 Months

COURSE DETAILS

The Oracle SQL & PL/SQL course offered at NIMACT is having the latest curriculum related to enterprise database management, standard SQL and database side programming, with the view to preparing database professionals for catering to the Banking, Insurance, Telecom, ERP, Government and Corporate IT sector in India. The curriculum and the study materials are revised and updated every six months for the inclusion of the latest Oracle versions, features, security practices and AI assisted learning methods. Accordingly assistance and advice are sought on a continuing basis from the industry for knowing and assessing their requirements.

Oracle occupies a particular place in the computer world. It is not the database a student picks for a small personal project. It is the database an organization picks when it cannot afford to lose a single transaction. Banks post crores of rupees through it daily, telecom companies bill millions of customers on it, railways and airlines run reservations on it, and large ERP systems store their entire business inside it. This is why Oracle jobs sit in the higher paying end of the market and why those jobs remain stable for years - such systems are maintained and extended, not thrown away.

The second half of this course, PL/SQL, is what really separates an Oracle professional from an ordinary SQL user. In large systems, business logic is not left to each application. It is written once inside the database as procedures, functions and packages, so that every application, every report and every interface follows the same rule. A PL/SQL developer is therefore the person who writes the actual business logic of a bank or an insurance company. This is skilled work, and it is paid accordingly.

There is also a very large Oracle ERP and Oracle Apps market in India, where thousands of technical consultants work on customizations, interfaces, reports and data conversions. PL/SQL is the daily working language of that entire field. A student who is strong in SQL and PL/SQL has a direct entry path into it, even without any expensive certification at the start.

NIMACT teaches every language on the model of AI > Programming Language (Coding). The first stage is AI. Tools like ChatGPT, Claude AI, Gemini and Copilot are used to explain a concept such as cursor, package, analytical function or isolation level in simple language, to explain the meaning of an ORA error code, to read a long query or a PL/SQL block line by line and describe what it does, and to give extra practice datasets and questions. The second stage is the coding itself. Every table, every query, every cursor and every package is written and tested by the student with his own hands. This discipline matters most in database work, because a wrong query shows no error at all. It returns a neat but wrong result, and in a bank or a payroll system that wrong result becomes a wrong amount before anyone notices.

So many opportunities after this course. Banks, insurance companies, telecom operators, financial institutions, ERP vendors, IT service companies, hospitals and government IT projects recruit Oracle professionals, and the job profile will be Oracle Developer, PL/SQL Developer, Database Executive, Junior Database Administrator, Oracle Apps Technical Consultant Trainee, Data Analyst, Report Developer, Backend Support Executive etc. Oracle also offers a free Express Edition and free cloud tier, so a student can practise at full professional level at home without any licence cost.

Who Should Attend: Students of BCA, MCA, B.Tech, Polytechnic and Diploma who have DBMS, SQL or Oracle in their syllabus. Developers working with Java, .NET, PHP or Python who need a strong enterprise database backend. MIS and reporting professionals who want to query large corporate data directly. Candidates targeting banking, insurance, telecom and ERP sector IT jobs, as well.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Open to all. There is no minimum qualification for this course. Basic computer handling is helpful, and prior SQL knowledge is an advantage, but the course starts from the very first step.

Mode: Hybrid (Offline + Online + Live Doubt Session)

SYLLABUS:
To get a better idea about the course structure, let us go through a list of important subjects present in this program. Note - Only the important points have been mentioned.

  • Data and Database Concept, ICT & AI
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a Learning Support - ChatGPT, Claude AI, Gemini, Copilot, Grok, DeepSeek, Perplexity
  • AI for Concept Explanation, Query Reading, ORA Error Meaning and Schema Design Review
  • Introduction to Oracle Database
  • History, Editions and Versions of Oracle
  • Oracle vs MySQL vs PostgreSQL vs SQL Server
  • Where Oracle is Used - Banking, Telecom, ERP, Government
  • Oracle Express Edition and Oracle Cloud Free Tier
  • Oracle Database Architecture
  • Instance and Database Concept
  • Memory Structure - SGA, PGA, Buffer Cache, Shared Pool
  • Background Processes - SMON, PMON, DBWR, LGWR, CKPT
  • Physical Structure - Data File, Control File, Redo Log File
  • Logical Structure - Tablespace, Segment, Extent, Block
  • Schema, User and Object Concept
  • Installation and Tools
  • Oracle Database Installation and Configuration
  • SQL Developer Interface and Navigation
  • SQL*Plus Command Line and Commands
  • Connection, Service Name, TNS and Listener
  • User Creation, Login and Schema Access
  • Relational Design Concept
  • Table, Row, Column and Relation
  • Key Concept - Primary, Foreign, Candidate, Composite, Surrogate
  • Relationship - One to One, One to Many, Many to Many
  • ER Diagram and ER to Table Conversion
  • Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF
  • Denormalization and Design Trade Offs
  • Schema Design Practice on Real Business Cases
  • Oracle Data Types
  • Character Types - CHAR, VARCHAR2, CLOB
  • Numeric Types - NUMBER, FLOAT, BINARY_INTEGER
  • Date and Time Types - DATE, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL
  • Large Object Types - BLOB, CLOB, BFILE
  • RAW, ROWID and User Defined Types
  • Constraints
  • NOT NULL, UNIQUE, DEFAULT, CHECK
  • PRIMARY KEY and FOREIGN KEY
  • ON DELETE CASCADE and SET NULL
  • Adding, Enabling, Disabling and Dropping Constraints
  • SQL Language Categories
  • DDL, DML, DQL, DCL and TCL
  • Data Definition Language
  • CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE and DROP TABLE
  • TRUNCATE, RENAME and COMMENT
  • Table Copy with CREATE TABLE AS SELECT
  • Temporary Table and External Table Basics
  • Data Manipulation Language
  • INSERT - Single, Multiple and INSERT from SELECT
  • UPDATE with Condition and Correlated Update
  • DELETE with Condition
  • MERGE Statement (Upsert)
  • Data Query Language
  • SELECT Statement, Column Alias and Expression
  • DISTINCT and Concatenation Operator
  • WHERE Clause and Filtering Logic
  • Comparison, Logical and Arithmetic Operators
  • IN, BETWEEN, LIKE and Wildcard Characters
  • IS NULL, NVL, NVL2, NULLIF and COALESCE
  • ORDER BY and Sorting Rules
  • ROWNUM, ROWID and FETCH FIRST ROWS
  • Project
  • Single Row Functions
  • Character Functions - UPPER, LOWER, INITCAP, SUBSTR, INSTR, LPAD, RPAD, TRIM, REPLACE
  • Number Functions - ROUND, TRUNC, MOD, CEIL, FLOOR, POWER, ABS
  • Date Functions - SYSDATE, ADD_MONTHS, MONTHS_BETWEEN, NEXT_DAY, LAST_DAY, TRUNC
  • Conversion Functions - TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, TO_NUMBER
  • Date and Number Format Models
  • Conditional Functions - DECODE and CASE
  • Multiple Row Functions and Grouping
  • COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
  • GROUP BY and Multiple Column Grouping
  • HAVING Clause and Difference from WHERE
  • ROLLUP, CUBE and GROUPING SETS
  • LISTAGG and String Aggregation
  • Joins and Set Operators
  • Cartesian Product and Cross Join
  • Equi Join, Non Equi Join and Natural Join
  • INNER JOIN, LEFT, RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOIN
  • Oracle Old Join Syntax with (+) Operator
  • SELF JOIN and Multiple Table Join
  • UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT and MINUS
  • Subquery
  • Single Row and Multiple Row Subquery
  • Subquery in SELECT, FROM, WHERE and HAVING
  • Correlated Subquery
  • EXISTS, NOT EXISTS, ANY, ALL
  • Inline View and WITH Clause (CTE)
  • Advanced Query Features
  • Hierarchical Query - CONNECT BY, START WITH, LEVEL, PRIOR
  • Analytical Functions - ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK, NTILE
  • LEAD, LAG, FIRST_VALUE, LAST_VALUE
  • PARTITION BY, ORDER BY and Windowing Clause
  • Running Total, Ranking and Top N Reports
  • PIVOT and UNPIVOT
  • Database Objects
  • View - Simple, Complex, Updatable and Force View
  • Materialized View and Refresh Options
  • Index - B-Tree, Bitmap, Unique, Composite, Function Based
  • Sequence - Creation, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL and Usage
  • Synonym - Public and Private
  • Data Dictionary Views - USER_TABLES, ALL_OBJECTS, USER_CONSTRAINTS
  • Transaction Control
  • Transaction Concept and ACID Properties
  • COMMIT, ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT
  • Read Consistency and Isolation Levels
  • Locking, Deadlock and FOR UPDATE
  • Flashback Query Basics
  • User and Security Management
  • User Creation, Password and Profile
  • GRANT, REVOKE, System and Object Privileges
  • Role Creation and Assignment
  • Schema Level Access Control
  • SQL Injection Concept and Prevention
  • Project
  • Introduction to PL/SQL
  • What is PL/SQL and Why It Is Needed
  • Difference between SQL and PL/SQL
  • PL/SQL Engine and Execution Flow
  • PL/SQL Block Structure - DECLARE, BEGIN, EXCEPTION, END
  • Anonymous Block and Named Block
  • Output with DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE
  • PL/SQL Fundamentals
  • Variable, Constant and Data Type
  • %TYPE and %ROWTYPE Attributes
  • Scope and Visibility of Variables
  • Operators and Expressions in PL/SQL
  • SELECT INTO Statement
  • DML inside PL/SQL Block
  • Control Structures
  • IF, ELSIF, ELSE and Nested IF
  • CASE Statement and CASE Expression
  • Simple LOOP, WHILE LOOP and FOR LOOP
  • EXIT, EXIT WHEN and CONTINUE
  • Nested Loop and Labels
  • Cursor
  • Cursor Concept and Cursor Life Cycle
  • Implicit Cursor and Cursor Attributes - SQL%FOUND, SQL%ROWCOUNT
  • Explicit Cursor - DECLARE, OPEN, FETCH, CLOSE
  • Cursor FOR Loop
  • Parameterized Cursor
  • Cursor with FOR UPDATE and WHERE CURRENT OF
  • REF Cursor and Dynamic Cursor
  • Exception Handling
  • Exception Concept and Exception Section
  • Predefined Exceptions - NO_DATA_FOUND, TOO_MANY_ROWS, ZERO_DIVIDE, DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
  • User Defined Exception and RAISE
  • RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
  • SQLCODE, SQLERRM and Error Logging
  • PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT
  • Nested Block and Exception Propagation
  • Stored Procedures and Functions
  • Procedure Creation, Parameter Modes - IN, OUT, IN OUT
  • Calling a Procedure from SQL and PL/SQL
  • Function Creation and RETURN Value
  • Function in SQL Statements
  • Procedure vs Function
  • Recompiling, Debugging and Dropping Subprograms
  • Packages
  • Package Specification and Package Body
  • Public and Private Package Elements
  • Overloading inside a Package
  • Package Variables and Persistent State
  • Built in Packages - DBMS_OUTPUT, DBMS_SQL, UTL_FILE, DBMS_JOB, DBMS_SCHEDULER
  • Triggers
  • Trigger Concept and Trigger Types
  • BEFORE and AFTER Trigger
  • Row Level and Statement Level Trigger
  • INSTEAD OF Trigger on Views
  • Compound Trigger and Trigger Firing Order
  • :NEW and :OLD Qualifiers
  • Mutating Table Problem and Solution
  • Audit Trail and Auto Logging with Triggers
  • Enabling, Disabling and Dropping Triggers
  • Collections and Records
  • PL/SQL Record and Table Based Record
  • Associative Array (Index By Table)
  • Nested Table and VARRAY
  • Collection Methods - COUNT, EXTEND, DELETE, FIRST, LAST, EXISTS
  • Bulk Processing
  • BULK COLLECT and Performance Benefit
  • FORALL Statement
  • SAVE EXCEPTIONS and Bulk Error Handling
  • Dynamic SQL
  • Native Dynamic SQL with EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
  • Bind Variables and Security
  • DBMS_SQL Package Basics
  • Advanced PL/SQL Concepts
  • Autonomous Transaction with PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION
  • Nested Subprograms and Forward Declaration
  • File Handling with UTL_FILE
  • Job Scheduling with DBMS_SCHEDULER
  • Performance and Optimization
  • EXPLAIN PLAN and Execution Plan Reading
  • Index Usage and Full Table Scan
  • Hints Concept and Common Tuning Practices
  • Gathering Statistics and Optimizer Basics
  • Common Slow Query Mistakes
  • Database Administration Basics
  • Tablespace and User Quota Management
  • Import and Export with Data Pump
  • Backup and Recovery Concept
  • Data Migration from Excel and CSV
  • Connectivity with Applications
  • Oracle with Java, .NET, PHP and Python
  • JDBC, ODBC and Connection String
  • Parameterized Query from Application
  • Introduction to Oracle Forms and Reports
  • Practical Work
  • Bank Account and Transaction Database
  • Employee, Attendance and Payroll System
  • Shop Billing and Inventory Database
  • Hospital Patient and Appointment Database
  • Library Management Database
  • Report Generation with Analytical Functions
  • Career and Interview Preparation
  • Common Oracle SQL and PL/SQL Interview Questions
  • Query and Block Writing Practice on Large Sample Data
  • Oracle Certification Path Awareness
  • Path Ahead - Oracle Apps Technical, Data Warehousing and Database Administration
  • Emerging Technologies - Oracle Cloud, Autonomous Database and AI Assisted Query Writing
  • Project Work
  • Internship