COURSE DETAILS

The PostgreSQL Database course offered at NIMACT is having the latest curriculum related to advanced database design, standard SQL and enterprise data management, with the view to preparing database professionals for catering to the IT, Fintech, Healthcare, Government, Analytics and Cloud sector in India. The curriculum and the study materials are revised and updated every six months for the inclusion of the latest PostgreSQL versions, extensions, security practices and AI assisted learning methods. Accordingly assistance and advice are sought on a continuing basis from the industry for knowing and assessing their requirements.

PostgreSQL has quietly become the most respected database in modern software. The reason is simple - it refuses to compromise on correctness. Where some databases silently adjust wrong data to keep working, Postgres stops and reports the problem. For a beginner this feels strict, but for a business it means the numbers in the report can be trusted. This is why banks, insurance firms, hospitals, government departments and analytics companies choose it, and why almost every new cloud application today starts on Postgres.

The second reason is capability. PostgreSQL is not just a place to store rows. It can store JSON documents like a NoSQL database, handle arrays and custom data types, run full text search like a search engine, perform advanced analytical queries with window functions, and run complete programs inside the database through PL/pgSQL. A student who learns Postgres properly is not limited to simple record keeping. He can handle analytics, reporting and complex business logic.

There is also a strong career reason to learn Postgres specifically. Many students learn only basic SQL and stop there. The market, however, pays for the advanced side - window functions, CTEs, query optimization, indexing strategy and stored procedures. These are exactly the topics where most candidates fail in interviews. This course covers them with proper practice, so the student stands apart from the crowd that knows only SELECT and WHERE.

NIMACT teaches every language on the model of AI > Programming Language (Coding). The first stage is AI. Tools like ChatGPT, Claude AI, Gemini and Copilot are used to explain a concept such as MVCC, index type, isolation level or window function in simple language, to explain the meaning of an error, to read a long query line by line and describe what it does, and to give extra practice datasets and questions. The second stage is the query writing itself. Every schema, every query and every PL/pgSQL function is written and tested by the student with his own hands. This discipline matters most in database work, because a wrong query shows no error at all. It returns a neat, wrong result, and only a student who understands his own SQL will notice before that result reaches a report, a bill or a management decision.

So many opportunities after this course. IT companies, startups, fintech firms, hospitals, government projects, e-commerce platforms and analytics teams need people who can design and query databases properly, and the job profile will be PostgreSQL Developer, Database Executive, SQL Developer, Junior Database Administrator, Data Analyst, Backend Support Executive, Report Developer, Data Engineer Trainee etc. Since PostgreSQL is free and open source, a student can also practise at full professional level at home without any licence cost, and can offer database design and optimization services as a freelancer.

Who Should Attend: Students of BCA, MCA, B.Tech, Polytechnic and Diploma who have DBMS or SQL in their syllabus. Developers working with PHP, Python, Java, C# or Node.js who need a strong database backend. Data analysts and MIS professionals who want to query large data directly instead of waiting for reports. People preparing for technical interviews where advanced SQL is asked, as well.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Open to all. There is no minimum qualification for this course. Basic computer handling is helpful, and prior SQL knowledge is an advantage, but the course starts from the very first step.

Mode: Hybrid (Offline + Online + Live Doubt Session)

SYLLABUS:
To get a better idea about the course structure, let us go through a list of important subjects present in this program. Note - Only the important points have been mentioned.

• Data and Database Concept, ICT & AI
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a Learning Support - ChatGPT, Claude AI, Gemini, Copilot, Grok, DeepSeek, Perplexity
• AI for Concept Explanation, Query Reading, Error Meaning and Schema Design Review
• Introduction to PostgreSQL
• History, Features and Open Source Nature of PostgreSQL
• PostgreSQL vs MySQL vs Oracle vs SQL Server
• Where PostgreSQL is Used - Fintech, Analytics, Cloud, Government
• Object Relational Database Concept
• PostgreSQL Architecture
• Client Server Model and Connection Handling
• Cluster, Database, Schema and Object Hierarchy
• Process Structure, WAL and Data Directory
• MVCC (Multi Version Concurrency Control) Concept
• Installation and Tools
• PostgreSQL Installation on Windows and Linux
• pgAdmin Interface and Navigation
• psql Command Line and Meta Commands
• Server Start, Stop, Restart and Configuration Files
• Connection, Port, User and Database Creation
• DBeaver and Other Client Tools
• Relational Design Concept
• Table, Row, Column, Domain and Relation
• Key Concept - Primary, Foreign, Candidate, Composite, Surrogate
• Relationship - One to One, One to Many, Many to Many
• ER Diagram and Schema Design
• Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF
• Denormalization and Design Trade Offs
• Schema Design Practice on Real Business Cases
• Data Types
• Numeric, Serial, Character, Boolean Types
• Date, Time, Timestamp, Interval and Time Zone Handling
• UUID, Enum and Domain Types
• Array Data Type and Operations
• JSON and JSONB Data Types
• Geometric, Network and Range Types
• Type Casting and Custom Type Creation
• Constraints
• NOT NULL, UNIQUE, DEFAULT, CHECK
• PRIMARY KEY and FOREIGN KEY
• Referential Actions - CASCADE, RESTRICT, SET NULL
• Exclusion Constraint and Deferrable Constraint
• SQL Language Categories
• DDL, DML, DQL, DCL and TCL
• Data Definition Language
• CREATE DATABASE, SCHEMA and TABLE
• ALTER TABLE - Add, Modify, Rename, Drop
• DROP, TRUNCATE and CASCADE Option
• Temporary Table and Unlogged Table
• Data Manipulation Language
• INSERT - Single, Multiple and INSERT from SELECT
• UPDATE with Condition and UPDATE from Join
• DELETE with Condition
• UPSERT - INSERT ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
• RETURNING Clause
• Data Query Language
• SELECT, Column Alias and Expression
• DISTINCT and DISTINCT ON
• WHERE Clause and Filtering Logic
• Comparison, Logical and Arithmetic Operators
• IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, ILIKE and Pattern Matching
• Regular Expression Matching
• NULL Handling - IS NULL, COALESCE, NULLIF
• ORDER BY, LIMIT, OFFSET and FETCH
• Project
• Functions in PostgreSQL
• String Functions - CONCAT, SUBSTRING, POSITION, TRIM, REPLACE, SPLIT_PART
• Numeric Functions - ROUND, CEIL, FLOOR, ABS, MOD, POWER, RANDOM
• Date and Time Functions - NOW, AGE, EXTRACT, DATE_TRUNC, TO_CHAR
• Conditional Expressions - CASE, GREATEST, LEAST
• Type Conversion and Formatting Functions
• Array Functions and UNNEST
• JSON and JSONB Functions and Operators
• Aggregate Functions and Grouping
• COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
• STRING_AGG, ARRAY_AGG and JSON_AGG
• GROUP BY, HAVING and Multiple Column Grouping
• GROUPING SETS, ROLLUP and CUBE
• FILTER Clause in Aggregates
• Joins and Set Operations
• INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN
• CROSS JOIN, SELF JOIN and NATURAL JOIN
• LATERAL JOIN
• UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT and EXCEPT
• Multiple Table Join Practice
• Subquery
• Scalar, Row and Table Subquery
• Subquery in SELECT, FROM, WHERE and HAVING
• Correlated Subquery
• EXISTS, NOT EXISTS, ANY and ALL
• Advanced Query Features
• Common Table Expression (CTE) with WITH Clause
• Recursive CTE and Hierarchical Data
• Window Functions - ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK, NTILE
• LEAD, LAG, FIRST_VALUE, LAST_VALUE
• PARTITION BY, ORDER BY and Frame Clause
• Running Total, Moving Average and Ranking Reports
• Project
• View and Materialized View
• View Creation, Updating and Dropping
• Updatable View and WITH CHECK OPTION
• Materialized View, REFRESH and When to Use It
• Index and Performance
• Index Concept and Index Types - B-Tree, Hash, GIN, GiST, BRIN
• Unique, Partial and Expression Index
• Index on JSONB and Full Text Search
• EXPLAIN and EXPLAIN ANALYZE
• Query Plan Reading and Cost Understanding
• VACUUM, ANALYZE and AUTOVACUUM
• Query Optimization and Common Performance Mistakes
• Table Partitioning Basics
• PL/pgSQL Programming
• PL/pgSQL Structure - DECLARE, BEGIN, END
• Variable, Constant and Data Type in PL/pgSQL
• Condition - IF, ELSIF, CASE
• Loop - LOOP, WHILE, FOR and EXIT
• Function Creation, Parameter and Return Type
• Stored Procedure and CALL Statement
• RETURNS TABLE and SETOF
• Exception Handling and RAISE Statement
• Cursor and Row by Row Processing
• Dynamic SQL with EXECUTE
• Trigger and Automation
• Trigger Function Concept
• BEFORE, AFTER and INSTEAD OF Trigger
• Row Level and Statement Level Trigger
• Audit Trail and Auto Logging with Trigger
• Rule System Basics
• pg_cron and Scheduled Job Concept
• Transaction and Concurrency
• Transaction Concept and ACID Properties
• BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT
• Isolation Levels - Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable
• MVCC in Practice
• Locking, Deadlock and Concurrency Handling
• Security and Administration
• Role and User Management
• GRANT, REVOKE and Privilege Levels
• Schema Level Security and Search Path
• Row Level Security (RLS) and Policies
• Password Encryption and pg_hba.conf
• SQL Injection Concept and Prevention
• Backup, Restore and Reliability
• pg_dump, pg_dumpall and pg_restore
• Logical and Physical Backup
• Point in Time Recovery Concept
• CSV and Excel Import and Export with COPY
• Database Migration from MySQL to PostgreSQL
• Introduction to Replication and High Availability
• Extensions and Special Features
• Extension Concept and CREATE EXTENSION
• Full Text Search - tsvector, tsquery and Ranking
• PostGIS Introduction for Location Data
• uuid-ossp, pgcrypto and Useful Extensions
• Foreign Data Wrapper Basics
• Connectivity with Applications
• PostgreSQL with PHP, Python, Java, C# and Node.js
• Connection String, Driver and Connection Pooling
• Parameterized Query from Application
• ORM Concept - Entity Framework, SQLAlchemy, Sequelize
• Cloud and Modern PostgreSQL
• PostgreSQL on Cloud - AWS RDS, Azure, Google Cloud SQL
• Supabase and Neon Introduction
• Docker with PostgreSQL Basics
• Practical Work
• School and Student Result Database
• Shop Billing and Inventory Database
• Hospital Patient and Appointment Database
• Employee, Attendance and Payroll Database
• Library Management Database
• Analytics Database with Window Function Reports
• Career and Interview Preparation
• Common PostgreSQL Interview Questions and Query Puzzles
• Query Writing Practice on Large Sample Data
• Path Ahead - Backend Development, Data Engineering and Data Analysis
• Emerging Technologies - Cloud Databases, Vector Search and AI Assisted Query Writing
• Project Work
• Internship